历史法学、统一国家与德国资本主义

Historical Jurisprudence,National Unity and German Capitalism

本文宏观考察了19世纪德国法理学发展的思想史轨迹。19世纪的德国法理学围绕统一德国的主题而展开,经历了面对统一问题的自由主义法理论与民族主义法理论间的复杂争论。19世纪的德国资产阶级要求的民主问题与地方封建邦的自主要求混杂在一起,从而又危及着德国的统一问题(德国自由主义法理论的困境);同时,德国的统一问题又与维持德国封建君主制关联在一起(德国民族主义法理论的困境)。这是德国法理学不同于自然法理念的历史法理学特征。可以说,以历史法学为象征的19世纪德国法理论丧失了现代性的普遍品格,成为一种德意志的意识形态。

This paper examines macroscopically the trace of the history of ideological development of 19th century German law jurisprudence. Revolving around the theme of a unified Germany, 19th century German law jurisprudence experienced comp]ex debates between the unified problem of liberalism law theory and the nationalist law theory. The 19th century German bourgeois democratic problems were mixed with the autonomy requirements of the local feudal states, which endangered the reunification of Germany （German liberalism theory dilemma） ; At the same time, the German unification problem was associated with maintaining feudal monarchy in Germany （the plight of German nationalism theory）. This is the German concept of jurisprudence which is different from the natural law jurisprudence. Thus it can be said that 19 German jurisprudence theory, losing the univer- sal character of modernity, has become the German ideology.