壮语南部方言第4调的声学表现与共时比较——兼评与侗台语研究有关的声调起源理论

The Phonetic Representation and Dynchronic Comparasion of the Fourth Tone in the Southern Dialects of the Zhuang Language and Comments on the Tonal Origin Theories Relating to the Research of the Dong-tai Group

以广西龙州话为代表,壮语部分南部方言的第4调伴随喉塞成分,颇为特殊。研究描述与这一现象相关的语音表现和制约条件,并对壮语各方言和侗台语部分语言的第4调作了比较分析。分析结果表明,降调与喉塞成分有着密切关系,且调长往往比其他舒声调要短,从历时层面上看,不能排除喉塞韵尾是促使这种声调形成的原因。但是,音高的范畴化可能是若干制约条件协同作用的结果,壮侗语族语言第3调、第4调起源于喉塞韵尾的假说有待于进一步精密和完善。

It is quite special for the fourth tone to go with a glottal stop component in some Southern dialects of the Zhuang language which can be clearly seen in Longzhou dialect of Guangxi. This paper gives a description of the pho- netic representation and the phonological constrictions of this phenomenon, and compares the fourth tone in various dialects of Zhuang language and some langua- ges of the Dong-tai group. The conclusion tells that the glottal stop component is well correlated with a falling tone, whose duration is shorter than that of the oth- er tones. It can not be diachronieally denied that the glottal post-syllabic segment contributes to such a tone. However, the categorization of pitch may be a result of collaberative effect of various constrictions. The hypothesis that tones histori- cally originate from the glottal post-syllabic endings still needs further precision and improvement.