上海市7岁以下儿童听力障碍流行病学研究

Study on Epidemiology of Hearing Impairment of the Children under 7 Years Old in Shanghai.

【目的】 调查上海市 7岁以下儿童听力障碍现患情况及原因探索。 【方法】 用测听仪器检测受调查儿童。 【结果】 听力障碍的现患率为 3 .43‰。市区以中、轻度为多 ,郊县以重度以上为主 (P <0 .0 5 )。 <3岁以重度以上为多 ,≥ 3岁以轻度为主 (P <0 .0 5 )。致小儿听力障碍的危险因素主要是曾用过耳毒性药物和婴幼儿期曾患疾病史 (包括头颅外伤、反复上呼吸道感染和渗出性中耳炎 )。 【结论】 要进一步健全全市听力筛查网络 ,提高检测水平、尤其是郊县。儿童应禁用耳毒性药物 ;对有既往疾病史的高危儿童 ,要重点进行听力检测 ,做到早发现、早干预 ,早期康复。

Objective Survey of the present situation of hearing impaired children under 7 years old in Shanghai and its cause. Methods The hearing screening of the children surveyed by audiometry instruments. Results The incidence of hearing impaired children results overall in 3.43‰. The majority of cases found in urban district were in slight and medium hearing loss and the cases of severe hearing loss were dominant in rural area(P<0.05);More slight and medium cases appeared in the children of 3 years or above while the severe cases took most part of the children below 3 years(P<0.05);The usage of drugs with oto toxicity and suffering of the diseases,i.e.middle ear infection,esp.with effusion,head injury and recurrent upper respiratory infections,in infant period were main factors of high risk causing the children's hearing impairment. Conclusions Further perfecting the network of hearing screening in whole city of Shanghai is required; the technical level of hearing screening should be raised, especially in rural area; the restricted usage of oto toxic drugs should be reinforced; hearing inspection should be emphasized on the high risk children who once suffered from the diseases mentioned above enabling early discovery,early treatment and early rehabitation.