厦门市城区集居学龄前儿童意外伤害危险因素病例对照研究

An Analysis on Unintentional Injuries and Relative Factors among Preschool Children in the City Zong of Xiamen.

【目的】 了解厦门市城区集居学龄前儿童意外伤害影响因素 ,为制定有效的预防措施提供依据。 【方法】 根据厦门市的特点 ,选择有代表性的两个城区 ,随机抽取 10所幼儿园 3～ 6岁儿童共 2 14 6名。收集 1998年4月至 1999年 3月意外伤害的情况 ,筛选出病例 2 3 1人进行 1∶1配对。 【结果】 意外伤害发生率为 16.2 % ;男童意外伤害发生率明显高于女童 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;随着年龄的增加发生率呈下降趋势 (P <0 .0 0 1)。意外伤害发生类型以碰伤、跌伤为主 ,占 65 .4%。经单变量配对 χ2 检验及多变量条件Logistic逐步回归分析 ,伤害直接影响因素为 :父母的工作类型、母亲怀孕次数、分娩方式、父亲年龄、儿童参加活动情况及儿童性格行为。用多元线性逐步回归分析 ,发现另外一些家庭因素通过影响儿童行为对伤害产生间接影响。 【结论】 意外伤害是多因素相互作用的结果 ,是可预防的。对儿童意外伤害的预防应重点放在对儿童采取必要的保护措施和教育上 ,塑造良好的性格 ,纠正不良行为。

Objective To find out the influencing factors of injuries among preschool children in the city zone of Xiamen and to provide basis for adopting the effective measure to prevention. Methods A cluster sampling study on the conditions of injuries was conducted among 2 146 children aged 3～6 years in the ten kindergartens during April 1998 to March 1999 in Xiamen City. 231 children with unintentional injuries were studied through a one to one matched case control study. Results The overall incidence of injuries among preschool children in Xiamen City was 16.2% with schoolboys higher than schoolgirls (P<0.05). There was a trend that the incidence of injuries reduced with age. Fall and impact injury took the leading type of incidence, accounted for 65.4%. Results from single and multiple factors analysis showed such cases were significantly related with following factors:the type of parents'job, the times of maternal pregnancy,the pattern of childbirth, father's age, the condition of children activity, the children'character and behaviors. With the multiple regression, other factors about family affected children' injuries indirectly by affecting their behaviors. Conclusions The unintentional injuries of children were caused by multiple factors, which were preventable. The prevention of children's unintentional injuries should be emphasized on the necessary protective measure of children and safety education. Child's good characters should be corrected and correct undesirable behaviors.