水稻免疫机制研究进展

Studies on Innate Immunity in Rice

植物先天免疫主要由两部分组成:一类是通过细胞膜上的病原菌分子模式识别受体识别病原微生物表面存在的分子特征激发的免疫反应(PTI);另一类是专化性的抗病R蛋白识别病原微生物的效应蛋白,从而激发下游的病原菌小种特异性的防卫反应过程(ETI).随着水稻抗病信号途径中越来越多的抗病基因以及关键的调控基因被克隆和功能鉴定,同时多种水稻病原菌效应蛋白的发现,水稻抗病机理的研究也越来越深入.本文阐述了水稻的PTI,ETI及其下游参与免疫信号转导的关键性组分,从而形成一个初步的水稻免疫调控网络.

Plants have developed a precisely regulated innate immune machinery to defend themselves against potential microbial attack, through two innate immune systems： the first layer of immunity is activated on detection of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMP） by cell surface pattern-recognition receptors, resulting in PAMP-triggered immunity （PTI）; the second layer of immunity is dependent on recognition of pathogen-secreted effectors by host specific disease resistance （R） gene-encoding proteins, leading to race-specific effector-triggered immunity （ETI）. With increasing information of isolation of R genes, key defense regulators and pathogen effectors, mechanisms involved in rice immunity have been largely revealed. This review focuses on PTI, ETI and respective downstream signals and key components, which have been revealed recently, and provides an emerging vision of the immunity network in rice.