视神经炎分类与鉴别诊断

Types and differential diagnosis of optic neuritis

视神经炎依据发病机制是否与多发性硬化相关而分为典型性和非典型性。非典型性视神经炎又分为多种亚型。由于各类型视神经炎在治疗方法和预后上存在差异,认识视神经炎各类型的临床特征十分重要。此外,视神经炎易与其他类型视神经疾病以及一些视网膜病变相混淆,对这些疾病进行正确的鉴别也具有重要意义。本文归纳典型性和非典型性视神经炎临床特征以及与其他类型视神经疾病和某些视网膜疾病的鉴别要点,以期增强临床医生对该类疾病的认识。(眼科,2013,22:364-369)

Optic neuritis （ON） is one of the major causes of blindness. Based on the pathogenesis, ON is divided into two cate- gories： typical ON associated with multiple sclerosis （MS）, and atypical ON caused by other pathogenesis. Researchers classify atypical ON into many subtype by pathogenesis. Treatment and prognosis of different type of ON are variate, so to get familiar with the clinical features of various types ON is critical. Since ON is often misdiagnosed as other optic neuropathy and retinopathy in clinical practice, it is very important to differentiate it from these diseases. In this article, we summarize the clinical features of typical and atypical ON and the key points of their diagnosis, hoping to enhance our clinical knowledge on ON.