海洋地震采集技术新进展及对我国海洋油气地震勘探的启示

New Advances in Marine Seismic Data Acquisition Technology and Enlightenment to Domestic Offshore Petroleum Seismic Exploration

近十年来,随着海洋油气勘探逐步转向深部油气层、高速屏蔽层下油气储层和复杂构造油气田等领域,为适应新勘探形势下地震资料精确成像的要求,海洋地震采集技术得到了创新和发展.在激发方式上,从平面震源发展到多层震源、立体震源;在接收方式上,从水平电缆发展到上下缆和斜缆(变深度电缆),从单一的压力型检波器电缆发展到速度和压力组合的双检波器电缆;在海洋三维勘探中,从直线航线的窄方位角采集发展到环形宽方位角采集.这些新地震采集技术方法的应用,有效地克服了海洋地震勘探的不足,增加了地震原始信号的低频能量、拓宽了地震频带,提高了深部有效反射信号信噪比和成像效果,满足了复杂油气田勘探、开发的需求.本文通过对近年来海洋地震采集新技术的追踪分析,介绍了海洋地震资料采集新技术的基本原理和应用效果,对在我国海洋油气地震勘探的应用前景进行了分析,以供国内海洋油气地震勘探研究人员参考.

In recent ten years,to meet the demand of accurate imaging of marine deep oil and gas, reflectors below shielded layer of high velocity and complex subsurface structures,marine seismic data acquisition technologies were reformed and perfected from the both aspects of airgun source、acquisition mode,then some new technical methods of seismic data acquisition technology were developed,such as tridimensional delayed excitation air-gun arrays、over/under streamer and circular seismic acquisition,which improving the low-frequency energy of seismic signal and effectively widening the band,by which we can effectively overcome the drawbacks of marine seismic exploration and improve of signal-to-noise ratio of the deep effective signal. This paper gives a brief introduction to the basic principle and application effect of new marine seismic data acquisition technologies and analyses exploration prospects of applying those technologies to domestic marine petroleum exploration based on tracing analysis in recent marine seismic data acquisition technologies,which offers a reference to domestic researchers engaged in marine petroleum seismic exploration.