村落遗产地居民保护行为影响因素研究

Study on Influencing Factors of Residents' Protection Behavior of Village Heritage Site

本文基于社区依恋的多维性视角,以社区依恋的四个维度作为中介变量,建立社区意义、社区参与、社区依恋、社区满意和社区居民保护行为的结构关系模型,以福建土楼为例,实证分析社区居民保护行为的影响因素。通过分析社区满意的调节作用,揭示在满意程度不同的居民中,社区依恋对居民保护行为的影响是否存在差异。研究结果表明:(1)社区依赖、社区认同和社区情感均对居民保护行为具有显著正向影响,其中社区依赖的影响最大,其下依次为社区情感和社区认同;(2)社区意义通过社区依赖、社区认同和社区情感对居民保护行为产生间接影响;(3)社区参与通过社区依赖和社区情感对居民保护行为产生间接影响;(4)社区满意分别对社区依赖与社区居民保护行为、社区认同与社区居民保护行为的关系具有调节作用,社区依赖和社区认同对居民保护行为的影响对满意程度高的居民比满意程度低的居民要大。

The village heritage site is a settlement where historic buildings and historical relics are rich and concentrated, and can fully reflect the traditional style, local characteristics and customs of a historical period, and has outstanding historical, cultural, artistic or scientific value and is officially recognized and protected. As a tradi- tional rural settlement and historical relics of living, community and scenic spot highly overlapping is the striking feature of the heritage village site where not only tourism activities take place, but also the rural communities live and produce. Village heritage tourism relies on the settlement landscape, local customs, lifestyles and farming culture which are the core resources, while the protection and maintenance of these resources can hardly do without the ini- tiative of community residents. Any negative and confrontation will lead to damage of cultural authenticity and integ- rity. Without community residents＇ protection, achieving sustainable tourism development is unrealistic for a village heritage site. Therefore, understanding residents＇ protection behavior of village heritage site and its influencing fac- tors is critical. Building upon the existing literature, a conceptual model depicting the relationships community meaning, com- munity participation, community attachment consisting of four dimensions （ community dependence, community iden- tity, community affect and social bonding） and protection behavior of community residents was proposed and empiri- cally examined using survey data from 520 community residents who lived Fujian Tulou, a major village heritage site shown on the list of the World Cultural Heritage. The empirical findings revealed that： （a）community dependence, community identity and community affect have a significant impact on community residents＇ protect behavior, and the impact of community dependence is the strongest, followed by community affect and community identity, indica- ting the impacts of different dimensions of community attachment on protection behavior of community residents are different; （b） community meaning had an indirect effect on protection behavior of community residents through community dependence, community identity and community affect, implying that the more community residents are able to appreciate the value and importance of village heritage site, and the stronger they are dependent, identified and affective, and they will take more active protection action; （c） community participation indirectly influenced protection behavior of community residents through community dependence and community affect, which indicates that when the community residents are more highly involved in tourism development, they have stronger dependence and affection on their own community, and then they have a more active attitude towards protection of village herit- age site; otherwise, the community residents are less involved in tourism development, they have weak dependence and affection of their own community, and then they are unlikely to take protection; （d） community satisfaction moderated the relationship between community dependence and protection behavior of community residents and the influence of community dependence on protection behavior of community residents was stronger for highly satisfied residents than for lowly satisfied residents, and this moderating effect was also supported by the link between community identity and protection behavior of community residents.