国际有关社会性别主流化的理论观点述评——基于《超越社会性别主流化》专辑的讨论

Conceptual Approaches to Gender Mainstreaming in the World——Discussion Based on Beyond Gender Mainstreaming

1995年社会性别主流化正式被联合国作为全球推动性别平等战略以来,妇女运动和各国政府日益重视对其进行深入研究。文章梳理了近年来国际社会性别与发展研究领域有关社会性别主流化的研究,指出不同的分析方法带来了截然不同的看法:从公共管理和政策变化层面评估主流化成果显示了历史性的进步;然而,在社会变革层面却显示了主流化的局限与困境。在挑战和机遇面前,深化社会性别主流化需要整合各种理论框架和方法,探讨全方位的组织和能力建设,并进一步发挥妇女运动和组织的作用。

Both women＇s movements and governments have attached a great importance to studies of gender mainstreaming ever since it was endorsed as a global strategy to promote gender equality in 1995. This paper reviews recent studies on gender mainstreaming by gender and development academia. I argue that different approaches yield contrasting views on the progress of gender mainstreaming. While a position on changes in public administration and policy suggests a historical improvement in gender equality worldwide, a perspective of social transformation discerns limited impact of gender mainstreaming, if at all, in bringing about fundamental changes in gender relations. To further gender mainstreaming in face of challenges and opportunities, there is a need to integrate different conceptual frameworks and approaches, explore comprehensive methods of organizational capacity building and strengthen the role of women＇s movements and organizations in promoting gender equality.