社交焦虑解释偏差:研究范式、特征及矫正

Interpretation Bias in Social Anxiety: Research Paradigms, Characteristics and Modification

解释偏差是社交焦虑者认知偏差的重要表现,是个体以更消极或更有威胁性的方式对社交刺激进行错误解释的倾向。文章首先介绍了该领域研究中常采用的4种范式:同音异形异义词/同形异义词范式、模糊故事范式、反应时范式和词句联想范式。然后总结了社交焦虑解释偏差的特征,阐述了注意偏差、依恋关系、发展经历和人格的强化敏感性对社交焦虑解释偏差的影响。最后,指出未来研究的方向:(1)研究范式的研究适用性;(2)社交焦虑解释偏差的特异性;(3)社交焦虑解释偏差的神经生物学研究;(4)消极解释和积极解释在社交焦虑中作用;(5)社交焦虑解释偏差的矫正效果。

Social anxious individuals usually show an important cognitive bias--interpretation bias, which refers to the tendency to interpret social situations in a more negative or threatening way. The present paper firstly introduced the paradigms usually used in this research field： homophone and homograph paradigm, ambiguous vignettes paradigm, reaction time paradigm and word sentence association paradigm. Then it summarized the characteristics of the interpretation bias in social anxiety, and expounded how attentional bias, attachment relationships, developmental experiences and reinforcement sensitivity of personality influenced interpretation bias. Finally, it proposed future directions： （1） the applicability of research paradigms; （2） the specificity of interpretation bias in social anxiety; （3） neurobiological researches of interpretation bias in social anxiety; （4） the different effects of positive and negative interpretations on social anxiety; （5） the effect of interpretation modification in socially anxious participants.