团队认知的涌现:基于集体信息加工的视角

The Emergence of Team Cognition: Based on the Perspective of Collective Information Processing

团队认知是源自个体认知的涌现的结果,其涌现过程不仅取决于个体水平的认知特征的总和,还取决于个体成员之间的互动过程。首先,阐明团队认知的基本概念,描述团队认知的涌现所具有的三个关键特征,即组织依赖性、非意图性和多重实现性,以及分析组合与合成这两种团队认知的涌现形式。然后,采用集体信息加工的理论视角构建团队认知涌现的发生模式,并指出该模式包含个体知识基础、团队知识分布、沟通与互动以及团队认知涌现等四个阶段。最后,通过讨论交互记忆系统这一团队认知现象,为该模式提供进一步的解释。

Team cognition is a result of emergence from individual cognition. The emergence of team cognition is determined by the sum of individual-level cognitive properties, together with the interactions between team members. We first elaborated the concept of team cognition, and described three key features of emergence -- namely, organization-dependence, the absence of intentional design and multiple realizability -- as well as two ideal forms of emergence, including composition and compilation. Then, according to the perspective of collective information processing, the paper built up a model of team cognition emergence that covered four phases of individual knowledge base, the distribution of team knowledge, communication and interaction, and the emergence of team cognition. Finally, as a phenomenon of emergent team cognition, transactive memory system was discussed in order to provide further explanation.