从新模型视角探讨认知诊断的发展趋势

Discussing the Development Tendency of Cognitive Diagnosis from the Perspective of New Models

认知诊断理论是认知心理学与心理测量学的联姻,至今已有50多年的发展历史。其中对诊断模型的开发是该理论的研究核心之一。本文首先指出了目前应用较为广泛的认知诊断模型在拟合个体认知加工过程、数据处理方式、能够处理的数据类型及使用同一诊断模型对整份试卷进行估计等四方面存在的不足,然后详细地介绍了为弥补这些不足而提出的认知诊断新模型及其理论思想背景与模型特征,包括多项选择诊断模型、多策略诊断模型、连续型数据的诊断模型及对数线性诊断模型。最后基于新模型提出的视角和观点,总结当前认知诊断的发展趋势,给认知诊断研究者及应用者以启发和借鉴。

Cognitive Diagnostic Theory （CDT） has a history of more than fifty years. CDT is the wedding of cognitive psychology and psychometrics. One of the cores of CDT is the development of Cognitive Diagnostic Models （CDMs）. This paper firstly indicates at least four aspects of shortages including fitting the individual cognitive processes, data processing, operable data types, and analysis of the whole test using a unique CDM. Then, to make up for aforementioned deficiencies, the detailed introduction on the new CDMs and their theoretical thoughts are proposed. These new CDMs are multiple-choice CDM, multiple- strategy CDM, continuous response CDM, and log-linear CDM. Finally, based on the new models, the development tendency of current cognitive diagnosis is summarized and some inspirations are offered to cognitive diagnostic researcheres and practitioners.