陸游與湯思退、宋高宗——兼談中國古代專制政權與士大夫的關係等

Lu You,Tang Situi and Song Gaozong: Also on the Relationship between Chinese Ancient Autocracy and the Official Class

本文論述陸游與宋高宗、湯思退的關係,这是前人研究宋史未曾注意的視角,對"請治故臣罪"一句解釋,糾正了以往注釋的錯誤。本文探討中國古代專制政權與士大夫的關係,認爲如陸游那樣,一方面,他們忠於儒家的教義中的良知和正義,故對現實惡濁政治有極多的反感和不滿;另一方面,又囿於儒家的忠君思想,是標準的皇權主義者,是標準的專制政治擁護者,所以就難免對皇帝有十足的,在今人看來是荒唐可笑的迷信。

This article discusses the relationship between Lu You,Tang Situi and Song Gaozong,which was never paid attention to by others. The new explanation to the sentence 'please punish the old subject' corrects a mistake made by previous notes. Italso discusses the relationship between Chinese ancient autocracy and the official class. It indicates that on the one hand they were loyal to the intuitive knowledge and justice theory of Confucians education and unsatisfied with the stagnant politics; on the other hand they were loyal to the monarch,being the supporter of the autocracy politics and with the blind faith in the emperor,which seems absurd and laughable today.