慕容農與後燕興衰——以“列人集團”爲中心的考察

Murong Nong and the Rise and Fall of Later Yan: An Analysis of Lieren Group

本文從慕容農的個人沉浮入手,重新審視後燕復國運動。後燕復國運動並不能簡單地視爲慕容垂及其子侄們的個人壯舉,實則在復國大旗下存在着不同的政治集團,在河南是丁零翟斌領導的"新安集團",在河北是慕容農領導的"列人集團"。在復國運動初期,慕容農作爲慕容氏之代表整合黄河以北的故燕勢力,締造了"列人集團",這支勢力是他赫赫武功的基石。慕容垂爲了鞏固太子的地位,在西征與北伐的掩護下密謀瓦解"列人集團",這也正是慕容農末年境遇悲涼的原因。在君位傳承與政治集團兩大因素的作用下,後燕政權在內鬥中喪失了支柱力量,進而喪失了華北,盤踞於龍城一隅,最終走向滅亡。

The paper attempts to reconsider the Later Yan restoration movement by analyzing the rise and fall of Murong Nong's life. The restoration movement,not simply initiated by Murong Chui and his nephews,was in fact supported by different political groups,such as Xin'an group led by Ding Lingdi in Henan,and Lieren group led by Murong Nong in Hebei. In the beginning of the movement,Murong Nong,who was the representative of the Murong family,gathered the old force of the Yan in the North of the Yellow River. Then the Lieren group came into being,which was the foundation of his later success. Whereas Murong Chui,in order to reinforce his status as a crown prince,secretly disintegrated the Lieren group during the warfare,which led to the miserable situation of Murong Nong in his old age. Due to the political conflicts in the court,the Later Yan lost its advantage. After the territory in the area of North China was taken away,the Later Yan came to an end in the city of Longcheng.