包头市售牛乳卫生质量调查

Investigation on Hygienic Quality of Cow Milk Sold in Baotou City

目的:了解包头市售牛乳卫生质量状况。方法:对市售105份散装、袋装、瓶装奶按照国标检验方法进行了感官、理化、微生物学方面的检测。结果:袋装、瓶装奶感官指标均符合国家标准,散装奶异常率为173%;比重、酸度、脂肪含量瓶装奶均合格,袋装奶合格率分别为333%、833%、944%,散装奶合格率分别为531%、901%、938%;菌落总数超标率为457%,袋装奶大肠菌群最近似数超标率为556%。散装奶、袋装奶各项指标相比差异无统计学意义。市三区散装奶菌落总数超标率比较,以东河区较高为741%。有914%的散装奶未经加热消毒就上市出售,另有74%的奶样有防腐剂或抗生素残留。除有1例奶样掺豆浆外,其余8种常见掺假物均未检出。结论:瓶装奶质量较好,散装奶、袋装奶卫生质量有待提高。

Objective:To evaluate the hygienic quality of cow milk sold in Baotou City Methods:The sensuous、physical and chemical、microbiologic indexes of 105 samples of bulk、bagged and bottled milk were examined according to national standard Results:The sensuous indexes of bagged and bottled milk were consistent with the hygienic standards and the abnormal rate of bulk milk was 17 3%;The specific gravity、the acidity and fat content of bottled milk were normal The normal rate of above-mentioned indexes of bagged milk were 33 3%、83 3%、94 4% and bulk milk were 53 1%、90 1%、93 8% respectively The total number of Colonies surpasses the standard in 48 5% of the bulk and bagged samples There was no significant difference in all the indexes between the bulk and bagged milk The total number of Colonies in the bulk milk sold in Donghe District went beyond the standard in 74 1% of the samples,higher than those in the other two districts 91 4% of bulk milk was sold without being disinfected by heating and 7 4% of the samples were detected containing residual preservatives and antibiotics The other eight kinds of fakes commonly mixed in the milk were not detected from the samples except that one sample was mixed with soya-bean milk Conclusion:The bottled milk is of better quality and the hygienic quality of bulk milk and bagged milk is expected to be improved