从汉冶萍公司的发展历程看近代中国的政企关系

Analysis of Relationship between the Enterprise and the Government in Modern China from the Development Process of HanYePing Company

汉冶萍公司是晚清洋务派组建的近代中国最大、影响深远的大型钢铁煤联营企业。由于近代中国政治急速转型及行业本身的特殊性,汉冶萍公司在发展过程中面临着如何协调和处理与政府(包括中央政府和地方政府)的各种利益关系的重大问题。辛亥革命以后,中国传统的政治格局被打破,汉冶萍公司的生存和发展遇到极大挑战,同时也为实现自身的利益同政府进行过抗争。由于国家无法形成一个统一的中央政权及政府财政的拮据,利益本位决定了中央和地方不可能采用积极有效的国家干预对其进行扶植和保护,反而与其展开了激烈的利益竞争,加速了汉冶萍公司的衰亡。

HanYePing Company was held by the westernization movement in late Qing Dynasty,which was the biggest steel coal associated enterprises with a profound impact in modern China. Due to the particularity of political rapid transformation in modern China and the industry itself,HanYePing Company had to face major issues such as how to coordinate and deal with all kinds of interest relations with the government,including the central government and local government. After the revolution of 1911,China＇s traditional political pattern was broken,and HanYePing Company encountered great challenges,such as the survival and development,and struggle with government for its own interests. Because the country was unable to form a unified central regime and the government fiscal constraints,it determined the central and local interests standard,which was impossible to adopt positive ways to intervene,but had the fierce competition of interests.