梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型及应用

Multi-objective optimization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs

针对梯级水库运用过程中蓄水与排沙之间的矛盾,首先建立了梯级水库防洪、发电调度及泥沙冲淤计算子模型;然后,以水库防洪、发电、航运和泥沙冲淤为基本目标,建立了梯级水库水沙联合优化调度多目标决策模型,并采用约束法和加权理想点法进行非劣解求解和评价;最后,将该模型应用到溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库汛末蓄水时间的研究中,得到了梯级水库蓄水时间与多年平均发电量和库容淤损率之间的非劣解集,并给出不同目标权重下满足梯级水库发电和减淤要求的最佳蓄水方案,为研究和解决多沙河流梯级水库水沙联合调度问题提供了技术手段。

The maximum benefits of flood control, electricity and navigation and sediment reduction of cas- cade reservoirs are set as the target functions, and corresponding sub-models for reservoir operation and sediment computation are established respectively. On the basis of these sub-models, a multi-objective opti- mization model for coordinative dispatch of water and sediment in cascade reservoirs is established, and a constraint method and a weighted ideal point method is used to solve the model. This model is applied to formulate the impounding scheme for Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs in flood recession period. A non-inferior set for impounding time, power generation and siltation-loss rate of capacity is obtained and optimal solutions with different weights are given. The results demonstrate that this model is a useful tool to aid in handling the contradictive operations in cascade reservoirs.