健康的收入分配效应研究

Measuring the Effect of Health on Income Distribution

使用中国营养健康调查2009年数据检验城镇居民个人健康的收入初次分配和再分配效应。初次分配部分,使用健康和工资联立方程模型控制健康的内生性,结论证实了健康对劳动工资率有显著影响,但这种显著效应只有在考虑健康的内生性和估计误差后才能成立。再分配部分,使用一个财税模型分解个人医疗支出的再分配效应,分解结果显示,社会医疗保险和个人自付部分的医疗支出都加剧了收入不平等状况,其中个人支出项是加大收入不平等状况的最大贡献者即健康状况不佳者承受了双重收入损失。个人健康具有加剧收入不平等的效果,政府可以通过改善个人健康再分配效应有效降低收入不平等。

The paper uses the data from China/iealth and Nutrition Survey （C/INS） 2009 to estimate the effect of health on the initial income distribution and income redistribution of urban residents. For initial distribution, by using a simultaneous equation model of health and wages to control the endogeneity of health, the author proves the findings that health has a significant and positive effect on wages, but the significant effect can only be found by taking the endogeneity of health and the estimation error into consideration. For the part of redistribution, the author decom- poses the redistributive effects of personal medical expenditures by using a fiscal - taxation model. The decomposition results show that both social medical insurance and self - paid medical expendi- ture exacerbate income inequality, and the self- paid items are the largest contributor. That is to say, people with bad health condition have suffered double loss. To sum up, we can conclude that personal health has negative effect on income inequality, so government can reduce income ine- quality by improving the redistributive effects of health.