膜下滴灌应用年限对盐碱荒地土壤盐分的调控

Different years of drip irrigation under film application in saline and uncultivated land to control soil salt

为探索膜下滴灌应用不同年限对盐碱荒地盐分分布和作物生长的影响，在新疆石河子地区121团一块盐碱荒地开垦前后连续5年应用膜下滴灌定点监测，结果表明，荒地年内浅层土壤积盐现象严重，年际间变化不大；膜下滴灌技术在盐碱荒地上连续应用可明显改变土壤盐碱空间分布特点，随着膜下滴灌年限的增加，土壤盐分聚集区逐渐下移，滴灌2年在60～100cm土层形成积盐区；膜下滴灌应用5年，积盐区在观测范围0～140cm内消失，土壤剖面盐分含量平均降至0．5％左右，土壤盐分趋于新的平衡状态，但膜间表层由于新疆蒸发强度较大仍出现积盐现象，此时棉花平均成活率、株高、平均单株铃数和产量均接近正常生长水平，研究结果可为盐碱地膜下滴灌应用提供一定的参考．

In order to explore the effect of drip irrigation on the soil salinity in different years, we choose a saline land which irrigated by drip in Shihezi of Xinjiang and monitor the soil salinity for five years. The re- sults show that： the surface soil of wasteland has a great salification during the year; but it has smaller change in the different years. The technology of drip irrigation under film can change the soil salinity dis- tribution in space. Along with the increasing years of drip irrigation, the soil salinity moves down gradual- ly. The soil layer of 60-100 cm is the accumulation area of salt after drip irrigation two years. The accumu- lation area of salt can not find in 0-140 cm after drip irrigation five years. The average soil salinity reduces to 5 %. Soil salinity tends to a new state of equilibrium. Because the evaporation intensity in Xinjiang Re- gion is larger, it has a phenomenon of salt deposit in the surface soil between the films. The survival rate, height, boll number per plant, and field of cotton are normal. The results of the research can provide some reference to the drip irrigation under film used in saline wasteland.