简论福泽谕吉道德观的思想特质——以福泽谕吉的前期思想为中心

A Brief Discussion of Fukuzawa Yukichi's Ideological Traits: Centering on his Early Thoughts

福泽谕吉是日本近代最具影响力的启蒙运动家,他在强调掌握科学规律的重要性的同时,主张人类的道德世界有其独特性,解决道德问题不能依靠当时流行的"生存竞争"的进化论、功利主义等学说。人只有在遵从"自发"的规定、超越一切"他律"性规矩时,才会成为真正的人,才有可能不必刻意地去做符合道德的事情而自然采取正确的言行、不必介意道德为何物而自然成为道德性存在。

Fukuzawa Yukichi, the most significant figure in the enlighten movement of the modern Japan, stressed the importance of mastering scientific disciplines as well as the uniqueness of man＇s moral world. He proposed that problems involved in morality could not be solved only by the popular ideologies, inclu- ding ＂Struggling for Existence＂ and Utilitarianism, etc. Only by complying with the ＂spontaneous＂ dis- ciplines and transcending all the laws in ＂heteronomy＂, can man be a true man, take right actions with- out deliberation, and abide by the moral rules without caring too much on morality.