中国古代官学选士制度及其演变

Designating Scholar-bureaucrat System of Ancient Chinese Imperial Education Institution and its Evolving Course

中国古代官学选士制度的发展,经历了先秦国学选士与稷下养士、汉代太学射策课选与鸿都门学文学取士、宋代熙丰舍选与明清监生出仕等基本阶段;而在其发展的不同阶段,官学取士与其他选士制度的关系类型也各不相同,西周以国学选士为主体汉代太学射策课选与察举诸科并行,隋唐以降则官学课试与科举铨选逐渐结合;同时,随着中国古代官学体制的不断完善和选士制度的进一步发展,古代官学选士又表现出国学选士、太学射策、熙丰舍选、伎术入流、监生出仕等具体形态。

The development of designating scholar - bureaucrat system in ancient Chinese imperial educa- tion institution had gone though several basic phases, including selecting and cultivating scholar -officials in the state school and Ji - xia academy in pre - Qin period, the civilian designating through She - ce se- lection system and Hortgdumen academy recommendation system in the Han Dynasty, the promotion and appointment of the imperial students mainly through the three grade imperial college examinations in the Song Dynasty, official selecting through the imperial college students practicing system in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. In different evolving phases of the system, the relationship between imperial education in- stitution internal selection system and other kinds of scholar - official designating system had manifested different forms ： selecting scholar - officials through the imperial education system was a dominant mode in the Xi - zhou Dynasty, the scholar - bureaucrat designating through Tai - xue She - ce selection system had paralleled with other kinds of recommending systems in the Han Dynasty, after the Sui and Tang Dy- nasty the official education internal selection system gradually integrated into the imperial examination system.