莱茵衣藻线粒体遗传系统及其外源基因表达

The mitochondrial genetic system and exogenous gene expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

外源基因表达是目前光合生物线粒体遗传系统研究的瓶颈.作者在成功进行光合生物线粒体外源基因稳定表达的基础上,评述光合生物———莱茵衣藻的线粒体遗传表达系统,指出该系统是目前唯一能够有效表达外源功能基因的光合生物.介绍莱茵衣藻线粒体基因组结构、mtDNA复制、转录及翻译特性,论述莱茵衣藻线粒体遗传转化方法、转化株筛选标记基因及外源基因表达的研究进展,分析外源基因在线粒体基因组中的同质化过程、表达效率及存在问题,为莱茵衣藻线粒体基因表达调控及反向遗传学研究辟出新径.

The efficient expression of an exogenous gene in mitochondria of photosynthetic organism has been an in- surmountable problem. The authors carried out the first successful stable expression of foreign egfp in the mitochon- dria of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Based on these results, this review described briefly mitochondrial genetic ex- pression system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which indicating that it is the only photosynthetic organism that can utilize the mitochondrial genetic system to express exogenous genes effectively up to date. Meanwhile, mitochondrial genome structure, the replication of mtDNA, the transcription and translation is introduced. The latest research pro- gresses are reviewed for the mitochondrial transformation method, screening markers and expression levels of exoge- nous genes Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In addition, the homogenization processes of an exogenous gene in the mi- tochondrial genome and the expression efficiency of as well as the influence factors were analysed. Further develop- ment of mitochondrial gene expression and reverse genetics were also discussed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.