碳管理:旅游目的地环境管理新框架

Carbon Management： A New Framework of Environmental Management for Tourism Destination

旅游目的地作为旅游产业二氧化碳排放产生的主要区域，在我国2020碳减排40—45％目标之下减排压力巨大。将碳管理引入旅游目的地管理，实现低成本碳减排已成为国内外研究的热点。本文通过对国内外碳管理相关理论研究进行分析评述，明确旅游目的地碳管理的关键问题是如何通过干预等手段使得目的地碳循环过程保持良性运行，实现旅游产业和生态环境的协调发展。在综合气候变化、环境管理和旅游增长的基础上建立旅游目的地碳管理新框架，并对旅游目的地碳管理的运行机制、动力机制和约束机制进行分析，指出碳管理机制以碳源碳汇驱动机制作为其基本的运行机制，以清洁发展机制和碳交易为动力机制，以利益相关者理论形成对碳管理参与主体的权责利约束和社会监督机制。

Tourism destination faced tremendous pressure under carbon emissions reduction target of 40-45% in 2020, as the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the tourism industry mainly in the area of destination. Introducing carbon management into tourism destination management to achieve low-cost carbon emission reduction has become a hot topic in recent research. Firstly, this article reviewed the theory research analysis of carbon management at home and abroad, followed by the analysis of the key issues to be solved and the theoretical basis of carbon management on the tourism destinations, pointing out that carbon management try to manage carbon cycle system process, and its key problem to be solved is how to keep the carbon cycle in smooth operation, and make the tourism industry and the environment to achieve the coordinated development. Secondly, the authors pointed out that the carbon management is the new framework being built on ecosystem carbon cycle and environmental management, as an integrated systems thinking toward climate change, environmental management and tourism growth. Finally, the article analyzed the operation mechanism, dynamic mechanism, and restraint mechanisms of carbon management in tourism destination, drawed the conclusion that carbon management had driven mechanism carbon sinks as its basic operating mechanism, the clean development mechanism and carbon trading mechanism as the drivi stakeholder sharing powers and responsibilities of carbon reduction as constraints and social supervision mechanism ng force, the main