先验哲学视域下的现代政治设计——康德法权思想研究述评

Modern Political Design unde Transcendental Philosophy Horizon——A Review of the Studies of Kant's Legal Right Thoughts

康德以先验哲学的方式对传统自然法和契约论进行批判性的改造,探寻政治合法性的根据并提出了"法治国家"和"永久和平"的理念。通过对已有关于康德法权思想的理解路径、具体内容以及意义和局限的分析,探究康德所提出的"现代政治设计"模式的价值与问题,即在他自身不可避免的二元形式主义倾向中论证作为理念的国家的正义之所在;建构起来的政治系统应该对每一理性个体的外在自由实行平等的约束和保护、促进其发展和繁荣。

Immanuel Kant＇s prominent contributions to modern political philosophy lies in his critical transformation of natural law and contractual law theories through the transcendental philosophy, his exploration of political legitimacy and the ideas of ＂legal state＂ and ＂permanent peace＂. Through a review of the existant studies of Kant＇s legal right thoughts, in terms of the interpreting approaches,contents, significances and limits, we can find the values and problems of Kant＇s ＂modern political design＂ modes, including： his expounding of justice of state-as-idea through his inevitable dichotomic formalism, and his idea that a constructed political system shall enforce equal constraints and protection over every rational individuals for their external freedom so as to promote the system＇s development and prosperity.