基于虚拟资源-生态要素流动视角的中国农业生态补偿机制研究

China' s agricultural ecological compensation mechanism from perspective of virtual resources and ecological factor flows

在对我国2000年和2010年农业粮食贸易导致的虚拟资源-生态要素(虚拟水、虚拟耕地、化肥、农药、农膜)的流动量进行计算的基础上,分析我国虚拟资源-生态要素流动格局。结果显示,黄淮海和东北地区是我国虚拟资源-生态要素最主要的调出区,而华南、东南和华北地区则是最主要的调入区。调出区在为保障国家整体利益及调入区粮食安全的同时自身的农业资源和生态环境却承受着巨大压力,经济发展也蒙受较大损失。提出基于虚拟资源-生态要素流动视角的中国农业生态补偿机制的构建思路和政策建议,并建议从发展生态农业、盘活农业生态资本这两个"拉力"方面与农业生态补偿这个"推力"相结合的角度出发发展农业生态补偿长效机制。

Based on the calculated flows of virtual resources and ecological factors( virtual water,land, virtual chemical fertilizers,pesticides and agricultural film) caused by the grain trade in 2000 and 2010 in China,the flow patterns of the virtual resources and ecological factors are analyzed. The results show that Yellow River-Huaihe River-Haihe River regions and Northeast China are the most important discharge regions of virtual resources and ecological factors,and South China,Southeast China and North China are the main inflow regions of virtual resources and ecological factors. For the overall interests of China and the food security of the inflow regions,the agricultural resources and ecological environment in the discharge regions have to endure great ecological pressure,and their economic development have to suffer from large losses. The China' s agricultural ecological compensation mechanism is proposed from the perspective of virtual resources and ecological factors. The long-term agricultural ecological compensation mechanism should be developed on the basis of the ecological compensation combined with improving ecological agriculture and revitalizing the ecological capital.