旱灾发生状况、政策支持及农户适应性措施的采用

Drought occurrence, policy support and farmers' adaptation measures

采取适应性措施应对日益严重的旱灾风险已经逐渐成为政府、学术界及公众关注的热点。在对我国6省大规模实地调查的基础上,分析我国旱灾的发生状况、地方政府的政策支持及农户的适应性反应。结果表明,最近5年内,有53%的农户遭受旱灾并导致减产,其中在发生旱灾的村中,有57%的村获得了抗旱预警和防治信息,仅有5%的村获得了资金、物质和技术等的抗旱政策支持;在受灾农户中,有86%的农户对旱灾风险做出了适应性反应,主要是采取了一些抗旱适应性措施。在农户采用的适应性措施中,主要以非工程类适应性措施为主,包括调整生产资料投入、改变生产日期和风险管理等;相对于非工程措施,农户采取的水利设施投资方面的工程类措施较少。

Adopting adaptation measures to cope with increasingly serious droughts has been highly addressed by government, scholars and societies. The overall goal of this study is to analyze the occurrence of droughts,policy support from the local government and adaptation measures adopted by farmers in order to provide empirical basis for the formulation of the relevant national policies. According to a large-scale field survey in 6 provinces in China,the results show that 53% of the farmers suffer from droughts in the past 5 years and their agricultural production decreases. In the villages suffering from droughts,57% of them can access to early warning and prevention information services and only 5% of them can obtain the financial, material and technical policy support. For the farmers hit by droughts,86% of them make the adaptation responses and take anti-drought adaptation measures. Most of the farmers' a daptation measures are nonengineering measures,including adjusting agricultural production inputs, changing seeding and harvesting dates and taking risk management. Compared with the non-engineering measures,only a few farmers adopt engineering measures( mainly the investment and maintenance of water infrastructure). On this basis, some policy suggestions are proposed.