台湾举人在福建乡试中的表现

The Performance of Taiwan Residents Juren in the Fujian Provincial Examinations

对台湾府县的举子另编字号实行定额录取,是清代科举实行保障名额的典型之一。设立保障名额的优待办法使台湾的士子更加热衷于渡海来大陆参加乡、会考试,有利于闽台文化的交融与民族凝聚力的加强。台湾举人在福建乡试中的表现平平,而台湾武生在福建武闱中举人数众多,且名次表现突出,因此不像文科乡试需要设立保障名额。通过科举考试的鼓励和促进,台湾的文教事业发生了根本性变化。科举是清代闽台交流的重要纽带,是融合两地文化教育的关键制度。

A typical example of implementing the quota admission system for Imperial Examination （IE） in the Qing Dynasty was the practice of coding candidates from Taiwan prefecture differently and giving them quotas for admission. This preferential policy greatly encouraged Taiwan Residents scholars to actively cross the Straits and participate in the Triennial Provin- cial Examination or the Metropolitan Examination, which helped to integrate the cultures of Fujian and Taiwan and strength- en national cohesion. The performance of Taiwan Residents Juren in the Fujian Provincial Examinations was just average. By con- trast, a large number of martial candidates participated in the Fujian Provincial Martial Examinations and their performance and ranking were outstanding. Accordingly, the quota admission system did not include the martial candidates. Owing to IE encouragement and promotion, the culture and education of Taiwan had changed fundamentally. IE was an important link for exchange between Fujian and Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty and the key system for the integration of culture and education across the Straits.