南海环境保护区域合作的法律机制构建

On the Construction of Legal Framework about the Regional Cooperation of South China Sea Environmental Protection

南海周边国家快速的经济发展和城市化进程使南海海洋环境面临沿海栖息地退化、过度捕鱼和陆源污染等巨大风险。该区域在地理和生态上的互相依存决定了海洋环境保护区域合作的必要性。按照现有的国际条约,各国负有进行区域合作的义务。然而其所属的联合国环境规划署18个区域海洋计划之一东亚海区域至今尚无区域条约,现有区域合作法律机制不足以解决跨界环境问题。复制其他区域已有模式不能有针对性地解决南中国海特有的环境问题。借鉴欧洲经济委员会《跨界水道和国际湖泊保护和利用公约》,通过有法律拘束力的区域协定和强调实效的过程导向分区域协定的双层结构框架,为实现该区域海洋环境保护有效合作的可行模式。

Rapid economic development and urbanization progress of the coastal countries along South China Sea put the maritime environment into the huge risk of the degradation of coastal habitat, over-fishing and polluted land resources and so on. The geographical and ecological interdependence among this area determines the necessity of regional cooperation about the maritime environmental protection. According to the current international conventions, it is the duty of those countries to carry out the regional cooperation. However, no any regional conventions have been made up till now in the East Asian waters that is one of the 18 Regional Sea Programmes （RSPs） under United Nations Environment Programme （UNEP）. The current legal framework of regional coop- eration is not enough to deal with the trans-boundary environmental issues. And adopting the existent models from other regions is unable to specifically solve the particularly environmental issues in South China Sea. By virtue of Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes by the UNECE Water Convention, the feasible model that can realize the effective cooperation of the regional maritime environmental protection will be the two-tier structural framework with the legally-binding regional agreement and the process-oriented sub-regional agreement that emphasizes the actual effect.