CIMMYT 145份小麦种质资源的鉴定及杂交利用

Identification and Hybridization Usage of CIMMYT Wheat Germplasms

为了拓宽和丰富小麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高小麦产量和品质,在大田对国外引进的145份小麦种质资源进行了农艺性状和品质性状的鉴定和评价。结果表明,这些材料基本属弱春性类型。在山西南部麦区,可推迟播期于10月下旬种植,作为育种材料利用。主要农艺性状的单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量变异系数分别为15.7%、16.03%、12.23%和23.96%,多数材料籽粒综合品质较好,尤其面筋品质好,筋力强。这些材料的农艺性状和品质性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。株高和千粒重与产量的相关系数最大,分别为0.5032和0.4178,达极显著水平,是提高产量的关键因素。综合3年试验结果,筛选出产量超过3750 kg/hm2有32份,鉴选出8个组合的相应强筋力品系和35个综合性状表现较优异品系,其突出优异性状表现植株穗大,小穗结实好,穗粒多,可作为小麦育种的重点种质材料利用。通过播期调节花期,利用CIMMYT材料合理杂交配组,已选育至F3代、BC2F1代和BC1F1代,有望育成优质大穗丰产抗旱创新材料及新品系。

In order to improve wheat germplasm diversity,increase wheat yield and quality,agronomic and quality characters were evaluated for 145 foreign wheat germplasms in the field in southern Shanxi Province.The results showed that,these germplasms were weak vernal wheat,which might be sown on late Oct. as germplasm use in southern Shanxi Province. The coefficients of variance of spikes per plant,kernels per spike,1000-grain weight and yield were 15.7%,16.03%,12.23% and 23.96% respectively. Most of the germplasms had better intergrated traits,especially in seed gluten. Agronomic traits had greater genetic diversity. Plant height and 1000-grain weight had significantly correlation with yield. Thirty-two germplasms yielded more than 3750 kg/hm2. We selected 8 trong gluten wheat germplasms and 35 better intergrated traits germplasms which had large spike,spikelets with many kernels as key germplasms for breeding. We adjusted the sowing date to meet flowering of these materials for hybridization with good local strains and produced abundant F3,BCF2and BC1F1generation. New drought-tolerance materials and strains with large spike and high yielding may be selected from the CIMMYT generations.