不同覆盖方式对土壤水热状况和玉米水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Water Content and Temperature and Water Use Efficiency of Maize

为探讨晋东南地区最优玉米覆盖栽培形式,设整秆与普通地膜组合覆盖(ZP)、碎秆与普通地膜组合覆盖(SP)、整秆与生物降解膜组合覆盖(ZJ)、整秆与渗水地膜组合覆盖(ZS)、整秆与微孔地膜组合覆盖(ZW)、整秆与液态地膜组合覆盖(ZY)、整秆覆盖(ZG)、对照(CK)8个处理,比较研究了不同处理的土壤水热状况、产量、水分利用效率。结果表明:各覆盖处理均对土壤水分具有保持作用,较对照土壤重量含水率提高0.4～3.9个百分点;不同处理中除却整秆覆盖(ZG)外都能提高地温,较对照提高1.6～2.5℃;各覆盖处理均可以有效提高玉米产量,2年平均较对照增产32.8%～56.6%;覆盖处理可以抑制土壤水分蒸发,减少生育期耗水量,提高玉米水分利用效率,较对照提高32.0%～58.9%。

To explore maize mulching cultivation form in Southeast of Shanxi Province,the test set up ZP,SP,ZJ,ZS,ZW,ZY,ZG and CK eight treatments. Studying the different treatments of the soil water content and temperature,yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that：the different cover processing could maintain the soil moisture,soil water content compared with the CK increase of 0.4%-3.9%; covering treatment apart from CK could increase the temperature,compared with the CK increase of 1.6-2.5℃; each cover treatment could effectively increase corn production in two years,the average yield increased by32.8%-56.6% compared with the CK; mulching treatments could inhibit the evaporation of soil moisture water to reduce the water consumption of the growth period,maize WUE increased by 23.0%-58.9% compared with the CK.