山西运城小麦和玉米苗期地下害虫调查与防控技术研究

Investigation of Underground Pests in Wheat and Corn and Prevention and Control Technology in Yuncheng,Shanxi Province

为了解山西运城地下害虫对主要粮食作物小麦和玉米的危害并有效控制,调查了2011年山西南部运城市小麦和玉米的地下害虫发生情况,同时研究植物源农药苦参碱及常用的化学制剂吡虫啉和氟虫腈3种药剂拌种对小麦和玉米种子的出苗率、被害株率、防虫效果以及保苗效果的影响进行统计分析,并对拌种后幼苗的株高、根长及相关的抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性及膜脂过氧化产物MDA进行测定。结果表明,小麦和玉米的苗期地下害虫主要有金针虫、地老虎和蛴螬3种,害虫种类及为害程度因地块变化较为明显;苦参碱对小麦和玉米的种子萌发有一定促进作用,但效果不显著,而对地下害虫的防效和保苗效果相对低于吡虫啉和氟虫腈;幼苗的抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性相对提高,抗性增强,且植物源农药对环境友好,可以在农业生产中推广。

In order to understand the hazards of underground pests on main grain crops wheat and corn in the Yuncheng of south Shanxi and control effectively,this paper investigated underground pests occurrence of wheat and corn in 2011. The results showed that wireworms,cutworms and grubs were the main pests in seedling stage of wheat and corn,and pest species and the degree of damage due to the more obvious changes in the differ land. Plant height,root length and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD,the content of membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA in seedlings were measured after seed dressing. Results indicated that matrine promoted the seed germination of wheat and corn while the effect was not significant.But the effect of prevention and control were relatively lower than imidacloprid and fipronil. The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and POD of seedlings was improved,and the ability to resistance was also enhanced.Additionally,botanical pesticides was environmentally-friendly and can be popularized in agriculture.