金属表面抗结冰研究进展

Research Progress on Anti-icing Modification of Metals Surfaces

综述了超疏水表面抗结冰和非超疏水表面抗结冰在近三年来的研究进展。发现当基底温度不太低或者外来水滴冲击力不太强时,超疏水表面能对外加水滴抗结冰,但当环境湿度较高时,超疏水表面只能对原位冷凝水延迟结冰甚至因固-液接触面积增加,还增加冰在基底的附着力。因此,不能笼统地讲超疏水表面一定抗结冰。相比之下,非超疏水表面抗结冰更具有现实意义。除了传统的氟硅涂层,最新的研究思路有两个:一是在材料表面构建微纳泡孔结构,然后在其上牢固镶嵌一层表面光滑的润滑剂;二是在涂层内部填充抗冻剂如甘油,使其缓慢释放到涂层表面。

In this paper, recent studies for developing ice-phobic surfaces including superhydrophobic and non-superhydrophobic surface were reviewed. The conclusion is that to super-cooled water droplets, superhydrophobic surfaces show good anti-icing property when the surface temperature is not too low and the impact strength is not too high. However, superhydrophobic surface can only retard ice formation or even lead to increased ice adhesion due to a large surface area when the humidity is high. Thus it is not accurate to conclude that SHS are ice-repellent or not. On the contrary, non-superhydrophobic surface should be realistic and reliable anti-icing surfaces. In addition to traditional fluorocarbon coating, newest non-superhydrophobic surfaces are mainly fabricated by the following two techniques. The first is to fabricate a nano-or micro-porous surface and then infuse or impregnate lubricant in it. As a result, a stable, ultrasmooth, lowhysteresis lubricant overlayer is maintained. The second is to coat a polymer coating, which can slowly release anti-icing agent such as glycerin.