发酵饲料对育肥肉牛生产性能、养分消化率和肉质的影响

Effects of fermented feed on productive performance and nutrient digestibility and meat quality in fattening beef cattle

为了探讨微生物发酵饲料对育肥肉牛生产性能、养分消化率和肉质的影响,试验将90头西杂牛随机分为3组(对照组、试验1,2组),对照组饲喂基础精料,试验1,2组分别用25%、40%发酵饲料替代基础精料,各组饲喂相同重量的精料和玉米秸秆颗粒,自由采食鲜酒糟;试验结束时屠宰,取肉样测定肉质指标。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1,2组鲜酒糟采食量分别增加13.24%和4.46%,日增重提高7.89%和8.77%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验1,2组分别增加收入0.77,1.41元/(头·d)。2)试验组有提高粗蛋白消化率的趋势(P>0.05),粗纤维消化率极显著提高(P<0.01)。3)试验组有增加肌肉嫩度、减少蒸煮损失、增加肌肉红度和亮度的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明在肉牛精料中添加发酵饲料能增加肉牛粗饲料采食量和消化率,提高日增重,改善肉质,提高经济效益。

To investigate the effects of microbial fermentation feed on productive performance and nutrient digestibility and meat quality in fatte- ning beef cattle, ninety Simmental crossbred cattle were divided into 3 groups （ control, experimental group 1 and 2 ）. The control group was fed with basal concentrate, and the two experimental groups were fed with basal concentrate replaced by 25% and 40% fermented feed, respective- ly. All beef cattle were fed with the same weight of concentrate and corn stover pellets, and they could freely intake fresh vinasse. Fifteen beef cattle of each treatment were killed at the end of the trial, and the meat samples were collected to measure meat quality. The results showed that the fresh vinasse intakes in the experimental group 1 and 2 were increased by 13.24% and 4.46%, respectively; and the average daily gains were also improved by 7.89% and 8.77% compared with the control group, respectively（P 〉 0.05）. The incomes of experimental group 1 and 2 were increased by 0.77 and 1.41 Yuan per head per day, respectively. The two experimental groups had a tendency to increase the digestibil- ity of crude protein （ P 〉0.05 ）, and the digestibility of crude fiber were significantly increased （P 〈0.01 ）. The two experimental groups had a tendency to increase muscle tender, redness and brightness, and reduce the loss of cooking, but the difference was not significant （P 〉 0. 05 ）. The results indicate that adding fermented feed to beef cattle concentrate not only can increase the feed intake, nutrient digestibility and average daily gain, but also can improve meat quality and economic benefit.