我国退役精英运动员社会流动研究

Study on Social Mobility of Retired Elite Athletes in China

运用文献资料调研、访谈、路径分析等方法,对我国退役精英运动员的社会流动状况进行研究。结果显示,我国大多数(75.53%)退役精英运动员实现了向上的代际流动,而代内则以水平流动者居多(59.09%);退役精英运动员的社会流动因社会阶层背景、性别、城乡来源地、运动成绩与文化程度的不同,而具有一定的差异性;运动成绩对退役精英运动员再就业的职业地位影响最大,其次,为社会阶层背景及文化程度,运动项目对职业地位的获得具有一定程度的影响,而性别对目前职业地位的获得稍有影响,但并不显著。

Using the methods of literature review, interview and path analysis, this paper analyzed the social mobility of retired elite athletes in China. The result shows that most of retired elite athletes （75.53 %） achieved upward intergenerational mobility in China. But the proportion （59.09 %） of horizontal mobility was more than others in intra-generation mobility. The social mobility situation was of significant differences because of the different of social stratum background, gender, sports achievement, educational background, rural and urban. Sports achievement was the most important factor to the re-employment status of retired elite athletes. The second more important was social stratum educational background, and gender influenced the re-employment status slightly.