城市规模、房价与居民收入差距

City Size,Housing Price and Resident Income Gap

分别以城市人口规模和城市房价作为城市规模的代理变量,采用CHIPS 2002和2008年的住户数据进行实证分析,发现城市人口规模和城市房价的提高,对我国城市居民的收入差距有重要推高效应。其主要原因是,农民工工资与其工作所在城市房价是脱钩的,而农民工对城市居民中普通劳动力工资具有拉平作用,并使其工资与城市房价脱钩,但是城市居民中高素质劳动力的工资与城市房价是直接挂钩的。我国城市劳动力市场多方力量的共同作用结果是,城市规模越大,城市房价越高,则城市居民的收入差距越大。这意味着,在我国进行新型城镇化建设中,限制北京、上海等巨型城市过度扩张,发展中、小城市,是降低我国城市居民收入差距的有效途径。

Taking the urban population size and urban housing price as the proxy variable of city size, this paper conducts an empirical analysis with the data of CHIPS 2002 and 2008. It is found that the rising of city size and housing prices has important promotion effects on income inequality of city residents. The main reason is that the wage of migrant workers is separated from the housing price of the cities in which they reside; while their wage level can balance the wage level of the or- dinary workers of city residents, making it separate from the urban housing price. But the wage of high quality worker of city residents is closely connected with the housing price. The combined action of the multy sizes in China＇s urban labor market leads to such a result that the greater the size of cities, the higher the urban housing prices, and the bigger the income gap between urban residents. This means that in the construction of the new urbanization, to limite the over-expansion of such mega-cities as Beijing, Shanghai and so on and to develop the middle and small cities is an effective way to narrow the income gap between urban residents in China.