我国逆向获取技术溢出的主要渠道:出口贸易抑或外向对外直接投资

China's Main Channel of Reversely Obtaining Technology Spillover:Export Trade or Outward Foreign Direct Investment

逆向获取发达国家的先进技术是一国获得快速技术进步的重要手段。利用1 981-2009年主要发达国家和我国经济数据对我国逆向获取发达国家先进技术的两种方式——出口贸易和外向对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出的效果进行了比较实证研究。研究结果表明,出口贸易是现阶段我国逆向获取技术先进国家技术溢出的主要渠道;以研发人员形式存在的人力资本在出口贸易和外向对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出获取效应的大小和显著性上起着决定性的作用;国内研发的生产率效应不显著甚至为负。

Obtaining advanced technologies reversely from developed countries is an important means of gaining rapid technological progress for one country. By making use of the economic data of China and some major developed countries from 1990 to 2009, this paper conducts a comparative empirical research on the effect of reverse technology spillover of both export trade and outward for- eign direct investment, by these two mathods China obtains the advanced technologies from the devel- oped countries reversely. The results of the study indicate that export trade is the main channel of re- versely obtaining technology spillovers at present. The human capital in the form of R＆D personnel plays a crucial role in the reverse technology spiUovers of export trade and outward foreign direct in- vestment. The productivity effect of domestic R＆D is not significant or even negative.