人工湿地植物制备燃料乙醇研究进展

Research progress in the preparation of fuel ethanol from artificial wetland plants

近年来,石油资源短缺,利用木质纤维素制备燃料乙醇越来越受到重视,本文以人工湿地植物为研究对象,利用人工湿地植物制备燃料乙醇,可以减少有害气体的排放、缓解粮食原材料的紧缺、减少植物处理不当产生的二次污染。但同时存在乙醇产率低、纤维素酶价格贵、木质纤维素预处理过程不成熟等问题。本文首先从人工湿地植物的抗性及去污能力、种间合理搭配及综合利用价值三方面入手,论述了在选择人工湿地植物时应注意的问题。其次重点分析了人工湿地植物及其它木质纤维素的有效成分、人工湿地植物及其它木质纤维素的预处理方法及效果、水解方法及效果,讨论了人工湿地植物制备燃料乙醇的可行性及生产燃料乙醇的研究发展趋势。最后提出,人工湿地植物可以代替粮食作物生产燃料乙醇。

In recent years,due to the lack of oil resources,the way of using lignocellulose to produce ethanol has attracted more and more attention. Wetland plants were considered as a research object. Using artificial wetland plants to produce fuel ethanol,not only can reduce the gas of harmful emissions,alleviate the lack of grain crops raw materials,but also can reduce the accumulation of wetland plants which could lead to secondary pollution. However,it is extremely difficult to produce ethanol directly from lignocellulose,due to the low rate of ethanol production,the expensive cellulase and the not well developed lignocellulose pretreatment process. This paper is to discuss the stain resistance and decontamination,appropriate allocation and multipurpose use of artificial wetland plants together with the existing problems when wetland plants are chosen. Key process was analyzed regarding the active ingredient of artificial wetland plants and other lignocellulose when fuel ethanol is produced via the pretreatment and hydrolysis effects of artificial wetland plants and other lignocellulose. The feasibility for the preparation of fuel ethanol from artificial wetland plants was discussed,and the future research development trend is prospected. At last,it can be concluded that wetland plants can replace grain crops fermentation to produce ethanol.