煤制天然气工厂建设若干问题的探讨

Research of some issues on the construction of coal-to-SNG plants

近年来国内兴起了煤制天然气建设热潮,但可供参考经验不多。本文结合煤制天然气工厂建设经验,介绍了面向工业用户、面向城镇用户和面向综合用户三类工厂,简述了"从煤矿到煤制天然气工厂再到城镇用户"供应链存在的"煤化工生产装置要求安、稳、长、满、优运行与用户用气量不均衡之间的矛盾"和"煤化工生产装置阶段性停产必然性与用户要求供气不间断之间的矛盾",指出了保证连续稳定供气是工厂建设的首要任务,解决或缓解供应链上的主要矛盾是建设的关键问题;分析了影响供应链上系统运行的因素,表明工厂首先要有明确的定位,煤源是工厂设计和运行的基础,采用可靠技术、本地化装备、多系列装置有利于工厂的优化运行和快速消除故障;提出应从总体设计开始设计全厂信息化并系统集成,安全环保设施和剩余物质管理要考虑规范升级对策,并高度重视由于量的变化所带来的问题;与利益相关者的关系非常重要。综合考虑资源、市场、环境和政策来制定建设原则。

In recent years,the construction of coal-to-SNG plants is a hot focus in China,however, there is a lack of construction experience. Based on the experience on building coal-to-SNG plants,the thesis introduces 3 categories of coal-to-SNG plants：industrial users oriented,civilian users oriented, and general users oriented. The thesis briefly discusses two major contradictions on the supply chain from a coal mine to a coal-to-SNG plant to urban users：① the contradiction between the fact that coal chemical plants require safe and stable operation with full capacity,and the consumption imbalance of the urban users;and ② the inevitability of periodic shutdown of the plants and the required continuous supply of the SNG by consumers. The thesis indicates that the safe and stable supply of gas is the primary mission of the construction of coal-to-SNG plants,and the key problem is to solve or relieve the major contradictions of the supply chain. With the analysis of the elements that affect the supply chain,a new coal-to-SNG plant should be oriented definitely. Safe and stable supply of coal is the basis for the design and operation of coal-to-SNG plants. To adopt mature and reliable technology,localized equipment and multi-series facilities is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the plants and the fast elimination of failures. Design computerization and system integration should be introduced at the beginning of the general designing period. Safety and environment protection facilities and remaining materials management should not only satisfy present norms,but also take standard upgrade into consideration. In addition,it is very important to balance the relationships among stakeholders. With resources,market,environment,and policies under consideration,we should set up right principles for the construction of coal-to-SNG plants,further integrate and optimize plant-related factors,in order to avoid problems caused by blind and guideless construction.