超声法制备纳米材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Preparation of Nanomaterials by Ultrasonic Methods

高强度超声波可以在室温条件下,较短时间内制备新型材料。尤其被广泛应用于纳米材料的制备和改性上。超声波最显著的效应是空化作用(气泡的形成、生长和内爆)和物理改性(由崩塌气泡产生的微射流和冲击波导致)。简单介绍了超声法制备纳米材料的基本原理,并举例说明高强度超声的物理效应和化学效应在纳米材料制备或改性中的应用。

High intensity ultrasound can be used for the production of novel materials without bulk high temperature or long reaction time. Especially it is widely used in preparation and modification of nanomaterials. The most notable effects are consequences of acoustic cavitation （formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles）, and physical modification （caused by high-speed jets or shock waves derived from bubble collapse）.In this paper, the basic principle of ultrasonic preparation of nanomaterials was introduced, and application of chemical effect and physical effect of the high intensity ultrasound in preparation or modification of nanostructures materials was discussed.