吉林省老年人慢性病患病现状、疾病谱分布及其主要疾病危险因素分析

Analysis on condition of chronic diseases,distribution of disease spectrum and main risk factors of diseases of elderly in Jilin province

目的：了解吉林省老年人慢性病患病状况，阐明吉林省老年人患高血压、骨关节病和心脏病相关影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法于2012年抽取吉林省32个市、县、区18～79岁居民21435人进行调查。选取其中60～79岁的老年人作为研究对象。样本经复杂加权后，描述老年人慢性病患病状况，采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法分析其相关危险因素。结果：吉林省60～79岁老年人过去1年内慢性病患病率为79．5%，其中患1种疾病的老年人占22．7％，患2种疾病者占19．8％，患3种及以上者占37．0％。患病率位于前十位的疾病依次为高血压（33．2％）、骨关节病（31．9％）、心脏病（25．1％）、消化系统疾病（24．2％）、脑血管病（16．3％）、糖尿病（13．8％）、呼吸系统疾病（10．6％）、眼和附器疾病（9．0％）、风湿（4．0％）和高脂血症（2．8％）。健康相关行为状况分析，不同性别老年人在吸烟、饮酒、饮食口味、体育锻炼、睡眠时间和体质量指数（BMI）方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析，老年人高血压影响因素有性别、体育锻炼和BMI；骨关节病影响因素有性别和收入水平；心脏病影响因素有性别、年龄、职业、饮酒状况和BMI。结论：与其他省市地区比较，吉林省老年人慢性病患病率处于较高水平，疾病谱中排名前三位的疾病依次为高血压、骨关节病和心脏病。性别、年龄、职业、收入水平、饮酒状况、体育锻炼和BMI是影响老年人高血压、骨关节病和心脏病的相关因素。

Objective To explore the condition of chronic diseases and to clarify the risk factors of hypertension, osteoarthrosis, and heart diseases of the elderly in Jilin province. Methods A total of 21 435 adult residents aged 18-79 years from 32 cities, counties, and districts of Jilin province were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method in 2012. 4 115 residents aged 60-79 years were selected to be the subjects. The condition of the chronic diseases was surveyed by questionnaire survey combined with physical examination method. After being weighted according to complex sampling scheme, the sample was used to describe the prevalence rate of the chronic diseases. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of the chronic diseases. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases among the elderly in Jilin province was 79.5% in the past 1 year. The elderly suffered from one kind of chronic disease accounted for 22.7 %, and the elderly suffered from two kinds of chronic diseases accounted for 19.8%, and those who suffered from three kinds of or more chronic diseases accounted for 37.0%. The top ten chronic diseases among the elderly were hypertension （33.2%）, osteoarthrosis （31.9%）, heart diseases （25.1%）, digestive system diseases （24.2%）, cerebrovascular diseases （16.3%）, diabetes mellitus （13.8%）, respiratory system diseases （10.6%）, diseases of eye and adnexa （9.0%）, rheumatism （4.0%）, and hyperlipidemia （2.8%）. The results of analysis on health-related behavior indicated that there were significant differences between different gender in smoking, drinking, taste, physical exercise, sleep and body mass index （BMI）, respectively （P〈0.05）. The Multiple Logistic regression analysis results indicated that gender, exercise, and BMI were main influencing factors of hypertension; gender and income were influencing factors of osteoarthrosis; gender, age, occupation, drink, and BM1 were influencing factors of heart diseases. Conclusion Compared with other provinces and areas, the prevalence rate of chronic diseases in Jilin province among the elderly is high. Hypertension, osteoarthrosis, and heart diseases are the top three kinds of diseases among all chronic diseases. The influencing factors of hypertension, osteoarthrosis and heart diseases are gender, age, occupation, income, drinking, exercise, and BMI.