美国州立大学的起源与发展

Origin and Development of the American State University

18世纪晚期,在欧洲启蒙运动的影响下,在功利主义哲学的基础上,受美国革命与法国革命的影响,经过激进民主人士的不懈努力,美国州立大学建立起来。在西部拓荒时期,由于联邦赠地的刺激,美国州立大学获得了较大的发展。美国内战之后,在两个毛里尔法案的推动下,美国州立大学进入快速扩张期。美国州立大学为美国高等教育定下了服务于本州人民的基调。作为高等教育民主化利器的美国州立大学,备受诸多教育史学家的赞誉,在美国高等教育发展的重要关口,又勇敢地承担起高等教育大众化的历史重任。

In the late eighteenth century,upon the impact of the European Enlightenment,on the basis of the utilitarian philosophy,with the effect produced by the American and French revolutions,through unremitting efforts of the radical democratic persons,the American state universities were established.During the frontier expanding period,with the stimulus of the extensive granting of public lands,and with the influential example set by Jefferson's University of Virginia,owing to the leadership exerted by the emigrants from New England,and upon the influence of foreign educational ideas,the American state universities made great progress.After the Civil War,with the stimulus of the Morrill Acts of 1862and 1890,under the context of the American social and economic development and the expanding of public school system,the American state universities entered into fast expanding period.The American state universities set the fundamental principles for the American higher education to provide direct service to its community,which is highly praised by many educational history scholars as the efficient institutions for democratization of American higher education.During the important development history of the American higher education,they bravely undertake the tremendous duty of the mass higher education.