基于最小阻力模型阜新市城市及农村居民点适宜性评价研究

Suitability Evaluation of Cities and Rural Settlements in Fuxin Based on the Model of Least Resistance

阜新市作为资源枯竭型城市,矿产资源枯竭后有很多的"后遗症",如沉陷、坍塌等地质灾害频现。综合考虑阜新市当前的自然地理条件、经济发展趋势、社会稳定等因素去确定城市的扩展及农村居民点的整治规划尤为重要。本文以阜新资源型城市为例,基于最小阻力模型对其城市及农村居民点适宜性评价进行研究,为其转型发展在用地选择上提供理论依据及决策支持。通过对资源型城市及农村居民点空间发展分析,从交通设施、矿产资源、地形地貌、土壤土质、灾害防治、土地利用类型及水体6个方面对阜新市城市与农村居民点发展建立阻力面,通过栅格计算得出阜新城市及农村居民点发展的综合阻力面。利用ArcGIS提取阜新市584个农村居民点的阻力值,对其发展适宜性评价,结果显示:阜新市的农村居民点中有40个需要优先整治,主要集中在阜蒙县与主城区南部及东南方向相邻地区;重点发展地区主要位于阜蒙县与主城区北部相邻的农村居民点及阜蒙县东部地区的居民点。利用ArcGIS下的空间分析工具,计算阜新市城市用地扩张累积阻力面,得出适宜城市发展的区域,并通过城市发展的辐射通道,得出城市扩展的适宜方向及战略点为阜新市的大固本镇和东梁镇与伊吗图镇交界处附近。

Fuxin is a resource-exhausted city suffering from geological disasters such as subsidence and collapse, economic depression and social issues including unemployment. A better understanding of urban expansion and renovated planning of rural settlements are required for this area. Here, we provide theoretical support for decision-making regarding spatial economic transformation and development. Resistance surfaces in Fuxin were built from six aspects including transportation facilities, topography, resources distribution, disaster prevention, landscape and water distribution. Integrated resistance surfaces of urban and rural settlement development in Fuxin were built through the grid calculation of six resistance surfaces. Resistance values of 584 rural settlements were extracted by ArcGIS, and the evaluation of their suitability development showed that 40 rural settlements need priority treatment, mainly concentrated in southern and southeastern areas in Fumeng County adjacent to the main city zone. Priority development areas are mainly located in Fumeng County adjacent to the north of the main city zone and in the eastern areas of Fumeng County. Through the radiation paths in urban expansion, the appropriate direction of urban expansion was revealed. Meanwhile, strategic points in urban expansion, one located in Daguben Town in the east of Fuxin, the other located in the border areas between Dongliang Town and Yimatu Town, are important locations for urban development in Fuxin.