基于GIS的山东省旅游气候舒适度精细化评估

Estimation and Evaluation of Tourism Climatic Comfort Levels in Shandong Based on GIS

基于地理信息系统平台（ArcGIS），采用山东省1983—2012年气象站的气象常规观测资料结合数字高程模型（DEM），参照人体舒适度指数等级标准，对山东省各地区实际地形下分辨率为lkmxlkm的旅游舒适度进行精细化估算与评价。结果显示：①山东旅游气候舒适度指数分布秋冬主要受纬度效应和地形共同影响，春夏主要受海陆分布和地形共同影响；②各季代表月的分析结果表明春秋季全省绝大多数地区气候舒适，非常适宜旅游活动；冬季大部分地区舒适度等级为-1级，仍较为适宜旅游；夏季气候较适宜旅游的区域主要分布在海拔较高的山地和山东半岛局部沿海地区；③绝大部分地区的旅游气候舒适期为8-9个月，气候舒适期较长的地区分布于山东半岛南部沿海、鲁中山区部分地区。

Tourism climatic comfort levels in Shandong were evaluated using wind chill index. The main climate type in Shandong is a subhumidmonsoon and temperate. Taking these local climatic characteristics into consideration, wind chill index including the comprehensive effects of temperature, wind speed and sunshine duration on human comfort was used to evaluate tourism climatic comfort levels. Based on the geostatistical module in ArcGIS and kriging spatial interpolation method, monthly average temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine duration were interpolated into a set of meteorological raster data at a resolution of 1 km 1 km. Altitude effects were considered while temperature spatial interpolating. We found that the distribution of tourism climatic comfort levels in Shandong is mainly affected by latitude in autumn and winter and by land-sea distribution in spring and summer; it is remarkable that the influence of terrain cannot be ignored in any season. Analysis on specific months indicates that it is comfort to arrange tourism activities in almost all of Shandong in spring and autumn, in most parts in winter, and in certain regions such as mountains and the peninsula in summer. The climatic comfort period for tourism in most areas is eight or nine months. The region with a long climatic comfort period lies in the southern coastal region and parts of the Luzhong Mountainous Area.