江西赣方言精庄知章组声母的历史层次与语音性质

Historical Layer and Phonological Nature of the Pronunciation of Initial Groups Jing,Zhuang,Zhi,Zhang of Gan Dialect in Jiangxi Province

18世纪中叶江西临江方言韵书《辨字摘要》、19世纪初南昌童蒙识字课本《类字蒙求》直音和20世纪初江西高安人涂锉《国音四种》"改正土音法"所记录的高安土话反映,现代江西赣方言精庄知章组声母类型"知三章:知二庄精"代表了较早的历史层次,现代赣方言知三章组声母读舌面音反映了早期的读音。将江西赣方言历史方言文献与现代方言语音特征加以比较,可进一步揭示现代江西赣方言知三章组声母读t、th的现象不是古音的遗留,而是知三章组声母读舌尖塞擦音以后发生的音变现象。与部分江西赣方言区精庄知二组声母读t、th的性质一样,都是通过舌尖塞擦音ts、tsh丢失擦音成分的方式演变而来。这种音变现象发生在同一阶段古精庄知章组声母类型不同、历史层次不同、来源不同而声母读ts、tsh的音节中,因此,江西赣方言精庄知章组声母读t、th的现象具有不同的表现形式。

The dialectical dictionary Bianzi Zhaiyao of Linjiang County,Jiangxi Province written in the middle of the 18th century, the homophones of the elementary reader Leizi Mengqiu written in the early 19th century in Nanchang and the Gao＇ an dialect recorded in the Guoyin Sizhong written by Tu Cuo at the second decade of the 20th century reflect that the type of the initial groups fing,zhuang,zhi,zhang in the modem Gan dialect is divided to two groups, the zhi group at the third division merged with zhang group, and the group zhi at the second division merged with group zhuang and ring, is the earlier historical layer, and the group zhi ,zhang at the third division pronounced as velar is the earlier pronunciation. By comparing the phonetic traits of the historical documents of Gan dialect with its modem pronunciation, it is easy to find that the initial group zhi and zhang and th is not inherited from the ancient times ,but evolved from the ts and tsh and zhi at the second division pronounced as t and th in some areas of Jiangxi. when the initial groups ring, zhuang, zhi, zhang were of different historical groups fing,zhuang,zhi,zhang pronounced as t and th of modem Gan dialect at the third division pronounced as t ,just as the initial group ring,zhuang As the evolution happened at the time layers and pronunciations, the initial have different representation types.