产品召回制度在技术性贸易措施体系中的作用初探——以美国一般消费品召回制度为视角

The Role of Product Recall System in Technical Trade Measures System from the Perspective of General Consumer Product Recall System in the United States

一般消费品召回制度作为美国召回制度的核心,对其技术性贸易措施体系的运行发挥了重要的支持作用,优化了其在产品进入市场后的监管,有利于设置隐形技术性贸易壁垒。CPSC是美国一般消费品召回制度最主要的实施机构,CPSC的一般消费品召回制度从启动到实施呈现出以完善的法律规定为基础,自愿认证、强制召回,法律责任严厉、威慑作用明显的特点。我国应借鉴美国做法,以法律法规的形式确立产品覆盖全面、操作性强的产品召回制度,加大对违法行为的惩罚力度,建立公正、权威的检测机构,更新检测设备、提高检测水平,确保能够及时、准确地检测出应召回产品,更有效地发挥召回制度的作用。

As the core of the U.S. recall system, the general consumer recall system plays a key role in the operation of the technical trade measures system. The system tightens regulation of products in the marketplace as an invisible TBT. CPSC is an executor for the system. The process of running the system features law-based operation, voluntary certification, mandatory recall, severe legal responsibility and great deterrence. China should learn from the U.S. to develop a workable and extensively covering recall system that is written in laws and regulations. China should intensify penalties for violators, set up fair and authoritative testing organizations, and upgrade facilities. That is how we can ensure timely and accurate tests of recalled products and make the system into its full play.