用秋水仙素对马铃薯一单倍体和双单倍体染色体加倍的研究

Studies on Doubling Chromosome Number of Dihaploids and Monohaploids in Solanum tuberosum by Using Colchicine Solution

本文报道了用双单倍体的实生籽和一单倍体无性系试管苗,按常规方法和改良方法对染色体加倍的试验结果。试验表明:在无菌条件下,用0.2～0.3％的秋水仙素浸种12～48小时后,再用组织培养的方法在无菌条件下培养处理实生苗的改良浸种法,与常规方法相比能有效克服秋水仙素对根的毒害作用,提高处理苗的成活率,从而大大提高加倍频率(加倍频率最高达70.96％);对一单倍体无性系,采用秋水仙素浸试管苗切段后再用组织培养使之分化苗的改良方法也能有效地提高加倍频率(最高达70％)。而常规的幼芽处理法在干旱地区是无效的。

In this paper, the improved procedures of doubling chromosome number are presented. The results showed that the improved method of immersing true potato seeds (TPSs) could increase the doubling frequency greatly. In this method, the sterilized TPSs were immersed in 0. 2～0. 3% colchicine solution for 12～48 hrs and then culturing them on MS medium in test tube. Using the tissue culture method after colchicine treatment could overcome the disadvantage of inhibiting root growth by colchicine, so that the doubling frequency increased with the increase of seedling su- rvival frequency. The maximum doubling frequency was 70. 96%. For the dihaploid and monohaploid clones, the method of immersing stem segments of in vitro cultured plantlets in 0. 2～0. 5% colchicine solution and then cu- lturing them again could increase the doubling frequency obviously. The maximum frequency was 70%. The conventional method of immersing tuber sprout tips with colchicine solution or paste was ineffective, especially in the arid area.