近31年来西安垂直温度变化特征

Variation Characteristics of Vertical Temperature in Xi'an City in Recent 31 Years

选取1981～2011年西安地温、气温、高空温度的观测资料,采用气候倾向率估算法、Mann-Kendal突变检验法等方法,分析20世纪90年代的平均温度倾向率垂直变化,计算各层年较差,总结地温320 cm～高空20hPa的年、季节温度变化特征.结果表明,气温的变化直接影响到地温、对流层中下层温度变化,接近地面的浅层地温和对流层下层年、季温度变化趋势与气温一致,随着地温深度和对流层高度的增加影响逐渐变小,平流层下层温度变化与气温相反;近年来,温室效应带来的影响主要表现在对流层中下层,20世纪90年代为近地层温度较为活跃的时期;地温-气温-对流层中下层温度突变时间依次有所提前,对流层顶及平流层下层突变年比较分散;春季、秋季垂直温度的变幅较大,冬季和年垂直温度的变幅较小,夏季垂直温度的变幅最小;地温320 cm～高空250 hPa夏季温度高于冬季,200 ～ 50 hPa等压面夏季温度低于冬季,在50 hPa等压面上没有明显的季节区分.

Selecting geothermal,temperature,and upper-air temperature observation data from 1981 to 2011,using climate trend rate estimation method,Mann-Kendal mutation test method,the vertical variation of average temperature tendency rate in 1990s was analyzed,annual range in layers was calculated,annual and seasonal temperature characteristics from geothermal 320 cm to upper-air temperature 20 hPa were summarized,the results showed that：temperature changes directly affected the geothermal and the lower tropospheric temperature changed,the annual and seasonal variation of shallow geotherma and lower tropospheric was similar,the impacts gradually decreased with the depth of geotherma and tropospheric height increasing,the lower stratosphere temperature changes was contrary.In recent years,the impact of the greenhouse was mainly manifested in the lower troposphere,the temperature near the ground 1990s as more active period.Geotherma-temperature-lower troposphere temperature,mutations were ahead of time,the tropopause and lower stratosphere mutation was more dispersed.Spring and autumn.vertical temperature amplitude was larger,winter and annual vertical temperature amplitude was smaller,summer vertical temperature amplitude was the smallest.From geothermal 320 cm to upper-air temperature 250 hPa,summer temperature was higher than winter; from 200 hPa to 50 hPa,the summer temperature was lower than winter; there is no obvious seasonal distinction in 50 hPa layer.