北疆“一年两作”冬小麦-复播青贮玉米模式物质生产及资源利用率研究

Dry matter production and resources use efficiency of double-cropping winter wheat-forage maize system in North Xinjiang

为建立与农区畜牧业发展相适应的资源高效利用的新型饲料生产体系,满足市场对青贮玉米需求,2011—2012年在新疆天山以北地区对冬小麦-复播青贮玉米、单季冬小麦、单季青贮玉米不同模式的物质积累和生育过程的光、温资源的实际利用效率进行系统测定分析。结果表明,冬小麦-复播青贮玉米双季模式优于传统单季种植冬小麦模式,其全年干物质生产率提高84.8%、周年干物质产能提高87.8%,年总辐射利用效率提高87%,年总有效积温利用率103%。复播青贮玉米干物质生产效比春播率低7.1%,太阳总辐射生产率和温度生产效率复播比春播分别高0.12 g·MJ-1和0.7 kg·hm-2·℃-1。因此冬小麦-复播青贮玉米具有高产高效特点,为一熟农区畜牧发展提了一条新型饲料生产种植模式。

In order to meet the market requirement for forage maize and develop new cropping system with high dry matter production and resources use efficiency,the field experiments were conducted in the temperature limited regions of North Xinjiang in 201 1 and 2012 .The ecologic conditionss including radiation and temperature were recorded and dry matter production was determined .In addition,dry matter production and resources use efficiency were compared be-tween winter wheat-forage maize system and conventional winter wheat systems .The results showed that annual production efficiency of dry matter,energy production,radiation production efficiency,and temperature production efficiency in double-cropping wheat-maize system were 84 .8%,87 .8%,87 .0% and 103% compared with conventional winter wheat system,respectively .Annual production efficiency of dry matter of sequential cropping forage maize was 7 .1%lower than spring forage maize,and the light use efficiency and temperature efficiency were 0 .12 g·MJ-1 and 0 .7 kg·hm-2·℃-1 higher than spring forage maize,respectively .Therefore,the double cropping system can increase natu-ral resources use efficiency and have favourable effect on the utilization of light and temperature during the growing sea-son .The proposed system offers a new approach both for increasing crop diversity and crop production in northern Xingjiang .