风对植物的作用及植物适应对策研究进展

Advances in the Effects of Wind on Plants

风是一种重要的生态因子,对植物有直接和间接的影响,随着全球变暖以及未来大风频率增多,风对农林业的危害将更加严重。长期生活在风环境中的植物会形成减缓和防止风危害的特殊机制,植物与风相互关系的研究是与植物进化有关的生态学问题。总结了该领域的发展历史及特点,综述了风对植物形态结构、解剖结构、根系构型的作用以及生理响应,植物对风的适应策略包括回避性策略和抵抗性策略。分析了目前研究存在的问题,指出未来需要将植物作为综合系统从多个层面开展研究,同时开展风与温度、干旱等因子综合交叉作用下植物响应的研究。要认识不同植物种的普适性机理,需要对不同环境的不同植物进行研究,生物信息、分子、生理层面上的研究将会促进跨学科的研究,以期搞清植物对风响应的复杂机理。

Wind is a important factor. It can strongly affect development, growth and reproduction of terrestri- al plants. The plant in wind environment can adapt to wind by special mechanism to decrease damage. This paper reviews the effects of wind on plant in phenotype, anatomy and root archeteeture. Some plant species show a resist ance strategy, but other species show an avoidance strategy. After the analysis of the restriction of current research in this area, the authors suggest that studies in the area should be extended to taking the whole-plant as an integrat ed system rather than focusing on specific tissue level. Furthermore to understand the general mechanism across species, it is required to study different species from different environmental conditions. Advances in bioinformat ics, molecular and physiological research will facilitate cross-disciplinary studies to understand the complicated re sponses of plants to wind.