排泄物miRNAs检测在恶性肿瘤早期筛查和诊断中的临床价值

The clinical value of excreta microRNAs used as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of neoplasms

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在恶性肿瘤中异常表达,与肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关。上皮细胞恶性肿瘤中miRNAs可通过脱落的肿瘤细胞随排泄物排出体外,因此检测排泄物(粪便、痰和尿)中的肿瘤特异性miRNAs可能成为消化系统、肺和膀胱恶性肿瘤早期诊断的新的生物学标志物。本文就miRNAs与肿瘤发生和发展的关系以及排泄物miRNAs检测在消化系统肿瘤、膀胱癌和肺癌早期诊断中的研究进展进行简要综述。

The abnormal expression profiling of microRNAs （miRNAs） was shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and development. MiRNAs can be out of the body with exfoliative tumor cells in epithelial tumor, therefore, the excreta （feces, sputum, urine） tumor specific miRNAs have the potentials to be used as the early diagnosis biomakers of the digestive system cancer, lung cancer and bladder cancer. This article reviewed the relationship between miRNAs and cancer as well as the detection of excrement miRNAs in the early diagnosis of digestive system cancer, bladder cancer and lung cancer currently.